Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness, and potential joint damage. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to slow disease progression and maintain joint function.

Certain factors increase the likelihood of developing RA:

• Age: RA most commonly develops between 30 – 60 years, though it can occur at any age. Risk increases as people get older.
• Gender: Women are 2–3 times more likely than men to develop RA, possibly due to hormonal and immune system differences.
• Family History: A family history of RA or certain genetic markers (like HLA-DR4) can increase susceptibility, suggesting a hereditary component.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and obesity are linked to higher RA risk. Smoking may trigger immune system changes, and excess weight increases joint stress and inflammation.
• Other Autoimmune Diseases: Individuals with conditions such as lupus or Sjögren’s syndrome may have a higher likelihood of developing RA,  due to an already overactive immune system.

Our hospital provides a multidisciplinary approach to manage RA and improving the quality of life:

Medication: Medications are the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis management, aimed at reducing pain, controlling inflammation, and slowing disease progression. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) help relieve pain and decrease inflammation, while corticosteroids are used for short-term control during acute flare-ups. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, or leflunomide, work to slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage. In more advanced cases, biologic therapies target specific immune system pathways to reduce inflammation and protect joints from further harm.

Therapies and supportive care: Therapies and supportive care play a vital role in managing rheumatoid arthritis and maintaining quality of life. Physical therapy focuses on improving joint mobility, strength, and flexibility, helping to reduce stiffness and prevent further disability. Occupational therapy assists patients in adapting daily activities and using supportive devices to preserve independence and function. Additionally, lifestyle measures such as maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, managing weight, and reducing stress can help control symptoms and support overall joint health.

Advanced Cases: In advanced cases of rheumatoid arthritis where joints are severely damaged, surgical options may be considered to restore function and relieve pain. Procedures such as joint replacement or synovectomy can help improve mobility, reduce discomfort, and enhance quality of life when medications and conservative therapies are no longer sufficient.