Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a Group A Streptococcus throat infection. It primarily affects the heart, joints, skin, and brain. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent serious complications, such as rheumatic heart disease.

Factors that can increase the risk of developing rheumatic fever include:

• Recent Streptococcal Infection: Having untreated or inadequately treated strep throat or scarlet fever is the primary risk.
• Age: Most common in children between 5 and 15 years.
• Family History: Genetics may make some individuals more susceptible.
• Living Conditions: Overcrowded or unsanitary environments increase exposure to strep bacteria.
• Socioeconomic Factors: Limited access to healthcare can delay treatment of strep infections, raising the risk.

Rheumatic fever is managed primarily with medications, which include:

Antibiotics: Penicillin or other prescribed antibiotics are used to completely eliminate the underlying streptococcal infection. Long-term prophylactic antibiotics may also be recommended to prevent recurrence and protect the heart from further damage.

Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Medications such as aspirin or corticosteroids help reduce inflammation, relieve joint pain, and manage heart inflammation. These treatments control symptoms and minimize complications associated with rheumatic fever.

Antiseizure Medications: Drugs like valproic acid or carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Tegretol, etc.) can be prescribed to control severe involuntary movements associated with Sydenham chorea.