Iritis is a type of uveitis, which refers to inflammation inside the eye. Specifically, iritis affects the iris, the colored part of the eye that controls pupil size. It can develop suddenly and is considered a serious eye condition because, if left untreated, it may lead to vision problems or permanent eye damage.

Factors that increase the risk of developing iritis include:

• Weakened Immune System​ : Individuals with reduced immunity are more susceptible to inflammation and infection-related iritis.
• Have a sexually transmitted infection: infections such as syphilis or HIV/AIDS are strongly associated with a higher risk of iritis.
• Smoke tobacco​ : Research shows that smoking raises the risk of iritis and may worsen inflammation.
• Have a specific genetic trait (HLA-B27) : People with this immune-related genetic variation are more likely to develop iritis, especially recurrent episodes.
• Infections​ : Viral, bacterial, or fungal infections such as herpes or tuberculosis can lead to iritis.
• Eye Injury or Surgery : Trauma or surgical procedures can trigger inflammation of the iris, sometimes even weeks after the injury.
• Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus increase the risk because the immune system may mistakenly attack eye tissues.

Common treatments for iritis include:

Corticosteroid Eye Drops: Corticosteroid eye drops are used to reduce inflammation in the iris, relieving pain and redness. They are typically the first-line treatment for mild to moderate cases of iritis.

Dilating Eye Drops (Mydriatics): Dilating eye drops, or mydriatics, help relax the iris, prevent painful spasms, and lower the risk of adhesions forming between the iris and the lens.

Oral Corticosteroids: When inflammation is severe or affects large areas of the eye, corticosteroid pills may be prescribed. These work systemically to reduce inflammation that eye drops alone cannot control.

Immunosuppressive Medications: In cases where iritis is chronic, recurrent, or linked to autoimmune conditions, medications that suppress the immune system may be used. They help prevent the immune system from attacking the eye and reduce repeated episodes.

Treatment of Underlying Causes: Managing the root cause of iritis is crucial. This may involve treating infections, addressing autoimmune disorders, or controlling other systemic health conditions to prevent the inflammation from returning.

Supportive Care: Simple measures can help with comfort and recovery. Avoiding eye strain, protecting the eyes from bright light, managing pain as advised, and attending regular follow-up