Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that spreads through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, especially Aedes aegypti. It is common in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Most people develop high fever and flu-like symptoms, such as body aches, headache, and weakness. In some cases, dengue can become severe and dangerous. The severe forms, known as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, can cause serious bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure, shock, and even death if not treated promptly.

Many factors can increase the risk of developing dengue, including:

• Previous dengue infection: Having had dengue before increases the risk of more severe disease if infected again with a different serotype.
• High mosquito exposure: Due to dense mosquito populations, especially in urban or semi-urban environments with standing water and poor sanitation that support mosquito breeding.
• Environmental conditions: Environmental conditions such as warm temperatures, high humidity, and rainy seasons that enhance mosquito survival and breeding.
• Seasonal Variation: Dengue cases often rise during the rainy or monsoon season because rainwater creates more stagnant water where Aedes mosquitoes can breed. Warmer, humid conditions during and after the rains also help mosquito populations grow, increasing transmission risk.
• Lack of Mosquito Control Measures: Regions with poor mosquito control efforts, inadequate sanitation, and limited access to healthcare are more likely to experience dengue outbreaks, as mosquitoes can multiply unchecked and spread the virus more easily.

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Some treatments include:

Fluid Intake: Drink plenty of fluids like water, oral rehydration solutions, or electrolyte drinks to stay well hydrated and prevent dehydration.

Pain Relief and Fever Reduction: Use acetaminophen (paracetamol) for fever and pain. Avoid aspirin, ibuprofen, and other NSAIDs because they can increase bleeding risk.

Rest: Get plenty of rest to help your body recover from the infection.

Intravenous (IV) Fluids: IV fluids are given in the hospital to restore and maintain blood volume and prevent shock from plasma leakage.

Electrolyte Replacement: Electrolytes are monitored and replaced as needed to keep the body’s chemical balance stable.

Oxygen Therapy: Oxygen may be provided if a patient has low oxygen levels or breathing difficulty.

Blood Pressure Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of blood pressure and other vital signs helps detect shock early and guide treatment.

Blood and Platelet Transfusions: Blood transfusions are used when there is significant bleeding. Platelet transfusions are not routinely recommended and are used only if severe bleeding occurs